Enzymatic Biofuel Cells

Abstract

Enzymatic biofuel cells are environmentally clean, renewable and biocompatible sources for low-power electronic devices. They are based on immobilization of electroactive enzymes on electrode surfaces modified preferentially with nanomaterials. Enzymatic catalysts used in biofuel cell construction are reviewed together with their immobilization techniques. An overview of fabricated biofuel cells close to practical applications is also given with the focus on the recent progress in construction of implantable biofuel cells and self-powered biosensors. These are two main fields where biofuel cells can offer advantages over conventional power sources.