Potential Endocrine Activity of Benzonitrile Herbicides
Keywords:
benzonitrile herbicides, endocrine activity, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, bisphenol AAbstract
This review focuses on the estrogenic activity of the benzonitrile herbicides – bromoxynil, chloroxynil, dichlobenil and ioxynil and their microbial metabolites – acids (such as 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoic acid and its amide). Some of their metabolites are very persistent. The estrogenic activity of the benzonitrile herbicides and their metabolites were studied using the mutant strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BMA64-1A. However, their estrogenic activity was not proved.